| 来源类型 | Working Paper |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| DOI | 10.3386/w28067 |
| 来源ID | Working Paper 28067 |
| Economic Studies on the Opioid Crisis: A Review | |
| Johanna Catherine Maclean; Justine Mallatt; Christopher J. Ruhm; Kosali Simon | |
| 发表日期 | 2020-11-16 |
| 出版年 | 2020 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | The United States has experienced an unprecedented crisis related to the misuse of and addiction to opioids. As of 2018, 128 Americans die each day of an opioid overdose, and total economic costs associated with opioid misuse are estimated to be more than $500 billion annually. The crisis has evolved in three phases, starting in the 1990s and continuing through 2010 with a massive increase in use of prescribed opioids associated with lax prescribing regulations and aggressive marketing efforts by the pharmaceutical industry. A second phase included tightening restrictions on prescribed opioids, reformulation of some commonly misused prescription medications, and a shift to heroin consumption over the period 2010 to 2013. Since 2013, the third phase of the crisis has included a movement towards synthetic opioids, especially fentanyl, and a continued tightening of opioid prescribing regulations, along with the growth of both harm reduction and addiction treatment access policies. |
| 主题 | Health, Education, and Welfare ; Health ; Labor Economics |
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w28067 |
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/585744 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Johanna Catherine Maclean,Justine Mallatt,Christopher J. Ruhm,et al. Economic Studies on the Opioid Crisis: A Review. 2020. |
| 条目包含的文件 | ||||||
| 文件名称/大小 | 资源类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
| w28067.pdf（399KB） | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
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