| 来源类型 | Working Paper |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| DOI | 10.3386/w9439 |
| 来源ID | Working Paper 9439 |
| Export versus FDI | |
| Elhanan Helpman; Marc J. Melitz; Stephen R. Yeaple | |
| 发表日期 | 2003-01-13 |
| 出版年 | 2003 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | This paper builds a multi-country, multi-sector general equilibrium model that explains the decision of heterogeneous firms to serve foreign markets either through exports or local subsidiary sales (FDI). These modes of market access involve different relative costs, some of which are sunk while others vary with sales volume (such as transport costs and tariffs). Relative to investment in a subsidiary, exporting involves lower sunk costs but higher per-unit costs. In equilibrium, only the more productive firms choose to serve the foreign markets and the most productive among this group will further choose to serve the overseas market via FDI. The paper then explores several implications of the individual firms' decisions for aggregate export and FDI sales relative to the domestic and foreign market sizes. In particular, it is shown that firm level heterogeneity is an important determinant of relative export and FDI flows. We use the model to derive testable empirical predictions on the relative aggregate export and FDI sales in a given country for a given sector based both on relative costs and the extent of firm level heterogeneity in that sector. These predictions are tested on data of US affiliate sales and US exports in 38 different countries and 52 sectors. The comparative statics based on relative costs are very similar to those tested by Brainard (AER 1997) and are confirmed in our data: sector/country specific transport costs and tariffs have a strong negative effect on export sales relative to FDI. More importantly, our new predictions for the effects of firm-level heterogeneity on the relative export and FDI sales are also strongly supported by the data: more heterogeneity leads to significantly more FDI sales relative to export sales. |
| 主题 | International Economics ; Trade |
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w9439 |
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/567058 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Elhanan Helpman,Marc J. Melitz,Stephen R. Yeaple. Export versus FDI. 2003. |
| 条目包含的文件 | ||||||
| 文件名称/大小 | 资源类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
| w9439.pdf（467KB） | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
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