| 来源类型 | Discussion paper |
| 规范类型 | 论文 |
| 来源ID | DP15677 |
| DP15677 Urban specialisation; from sectoral to functional | |
| Antoine Gervais; James Markusen; Anthony Venables | |
| 发表日期 | 2021-01-16 |
| 出版年 | 2021 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | The comparative advantage of many cities is based on their efficiency in the production of ‘functions’, e.g., business services such as finance, law, engineering, or similar functions that are used by firms in a wide range of sectors. Firms that use these functions may choose to source them locally, or to purchase them from other cities. The former case gives rise to cities developing a pattern of sectoral specialization, and the latter a pattern of functional specialization. This paper develops a model to investigate circumstances under which either of these outcomes is more likely, and finds that predictions of the model are consistent with changes in the pattern of specialization in the US over recent decades. The model combines elements of the literatures on economic geography, multinational firms, urban economics, and trade theory. A two-city country trades with the larger world, and workers within the country are mobile between the two cities. Productivity in a given function varies across cities, giving rise to urban comparative advantage. This may be due to exogenous technological differences (Ricardian) or to city- and function-specific scale economies. Sectors differ in the intensity with which they use different functions, giving rise to a pattern of sectoral and functional specialisation. We generate a number of economic insights, including that, as costs of remote sourcing fall, cities’ functional specialization tends to increase and their sectoral specialization falls. We examine the model’s predictions empirically over a 20-30-year period for US states. In line with the predictions of the model, we find that functional concentration rises and sectoral concentration falls over this time span. Similarly, we find that regional specialization in functions rises and regional specialization in sectors falls over the period. |
| 主题 | International Trade and Regional Economics |
| 关键词 | Fragmentation Firm organization Geographic concentration Regional specialization Agglomeration economies Multiple equilibria |
| URL | https://cepr.org/publications/dp15677 |
| 来源智库 | Centre for Economic Policy Research (United Kingdom) |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/544687 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Antoine Gervais,James Markusen,Anthony Venables. DP15677 Urban specialisation; from sectoral to functional. 2021. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
