全球智库信息集成服务系统

• While there is no single factor that causes disorder in football crowds, evidence suggests that some interventions can be effective in preventing and responding to violent and antisocial behaviour. This means that host nations should be able to take practical steps to minimise the chances of disorder during a tournament.
• There is a menu of 'promising practices' that event organisers can consider.
• There are opportunities for further research before, during and after Qatar 2022.

Qatar University commissioned RAND Europe to undertake a study into violence and disorder at international sporting events. In preparing for the 2022 World Cup, the Qatari authorities recognised that there was an opportunity to learn from the available research into the prevalence, nature and causes of violence and disorder at other sporting events, and to draw on promising practices to prevent and respond to these harms.

• Chapter One

  Introduction

• Chapter Two

  Study approach, strengths and limitations

• Chapter Three

  Nature, prevalence and factors associated with violent and antisocial behaviours

• Chapter Four

  Preventing and responding to antisocial and violent behaviour

• Chapter Five

  Key lessons for Qatar and next steps

• Annex

  study methods