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Treatment and comparison groups differed significantly on state-mandated outcomes.

• Participants in the Enhanced Mental Health Services initiative had significantly higher rates of completion of community service.
• Participants in the Enhanced Services to High-Risk/High-Need Youths initiative did at least as well as the previous year's cohort in five of the big six outcomes and exceeded expectations for rates of arrest.
• Participants in the Enhanced School- and Community-Based Services initiative had significantly more-positive outcomes than the comparison-group youths in five of the big six outcome measures. For the programs that used educational measures as supplemental outcomes, school attendance improved significantly in the term following program entry. School suspensions and expulsions also dropped, although the differences were not always statistically significant. Among participants in the school-based programs, test scores were significantly higher for strengths and significantly lower for risks and barriers, except for strengths in the very small School-Based Probation Supervision for Middle School Probationers program. Abolish Chronic Truancy and Inside-Out Writers showed significant improvements in supplemental outcomes as well.

Treatment and comparison groups differed significantly on county-mandated outcomes, but samples were small enough to warrant caution in interpretation.

• Supplemental outcomes in the Enhanced Mental Health Services initiative showed significant differences in Brief Symptom Inventory scores for youths in the Mental Health Screening, Assessment, and Treatment program and in school attendance for Multisystemic Therapy participants.
• In the Enhanced Services to High-Risk/High-Need Youths initiative, self-efficacy scores improved significantly for Gender-Specific Community youths. Among High Risk/High Need participants, measures of family relations also improved significantly.

California's Juvenile Justice Crime Prevention Act was designed to provide a stable funding source for juvenile programs that have proven effective in curbing crime among at-risk and young offenders. It provides funds to counties to add evidence-based programs and services for juvenile probationers identified with higher needs for special services than needs identified for routine probationers, at-risk youths who have not entered the probation system but who live or attend school in areas of high crime or who have other factors that potentially predispose them to criminal activities, and youths in juvenile halls. The California state legislature requires the Board of State and Community Corrections to submit annual reports evaluating the program on six outcome measures: (1) successful completion of probation, (2) arrests, (3) probation violations, (4) incarcerations, (5) successful completion of restitution, and (6) successful completion of community service. Each county can also measure supplemental outcomes. The report also compares juvenile justice system costs for program youths in the six months before they entered a program and in the six months after entering the program. Differences in outcomes between program participants and comparison-group youths are relatively small, but they are consistent enough that they appear to be real differences rather than statistical anomalies. County-developed supplemental outcomes tend to be more favorable than state-mandated big six outcomes, although samples tend to be considerably smaller than for big six outcomes.

• Chapter One

  Background and Methodology

• Chapter Two

  Current JJCPA Programs and FY 2016–2017 Outcome Measures

• Chapter Three

  Estimated Juvenile Justice Costs for JJCPA Participants

• Chapter Four

  Summary and Conclusions

• Appendix A

  Comparison Groups and Reference Periods for JJCPA Programs

• Appendix B

  The Probation Department's Ranking of the Big Six Outcome Measures

• Appendix C

  Community-Based Organizations That Contracted to Provide Services for JJCPA Programs in FY 2016–2017

• Appendix D

  Board of State and Community Corrections–Mandated and Supplemental Outcomes for Individual JJCPA Programs, FY 2016–2017

• Appendix E

  Board of State and Community Corrections–Mandated Outcomes, by Gender

• Appendix F

  Board of State and Community Corrections–Mandated Outcomes, by Cluster

• Appendix G

  The Probation Department's Form for Measuring Family Relations

• Appendix H

  The Probation Department's Form for Assessing Probationer Strengths and Risks

• Appendix I

  The Probation Department's Form for Assessing Goal-Setting and Life Planning for At-Risk Youths