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Charter management organizations (CMOs) are nonprofit entities that start and manage new charter schools. CMOs operate multiple charter schools under a common structure and philosophy, attempting to implement promising educational practices on a large scale. In the past few years, the number and reach of CMOs have increased substantially, leading to a diverse array of organizational models and school designs. By 2012, there were at least 130 CMOs nationwide, accounting for about 16 percent of all charter schools.