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Around the world, gender shapes expectations, attributes, roles, capacities and rights of both women and men. While climate change is non-discriminatory and affects everyone, women and men, due to differing social roles, may experience the impacts of climate change differently, with women often disproportionately negatively affected. Women, compared to men, often have limited access to resources, less access to justice, limited mobility, and limited voice in shaping decisions and influencing policy.
At the same time, gender roles and responsibilities generally ascribed to women create an opportunity for engagement as women bring diverse and critical solutions to climate change challenges from the knowledge and experience they hold. This includes, for example, participation in informal, reproductive and productive work that often relates to caregiving for households and communities, caretaking of seeds and soils, maintaining traditional agricultural knowledge, and managing natural resources such as firewood and water. Women also tend to be key decision-makers in choosing, using, and disposing domestic goods and appliances, with impacts on the energy efficiency and consumption levels of households.
This guide explores how gender has been mainstreamed into the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process, and it also elaborates on gender linkages across these different themes, thus deepening understanding of the relevance of gender to climate change as a whole.